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Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023The aim of this work was to provide an overview of available information on the antibacterial and antifungal properties of extracts. A literature search of Scopus,... (Review)
Review
The aim of this work was to provide an overview of available information on the antibacterial and antifungal properties of extracts. A literature search of Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2000 and June 2023 was undertaken. A total of 23 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Significant variation of antimicrobial activity depending on the tested species and strains, type of extract solvent, or plant organs utilized for the extract preparation was found. extracts were active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and showed antimycotic effects against the fungi of and and the dermatophytes spp. Greater susceptibility of Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria to fireweed extracts was found. A strong antibacterial effect was recorded for , , , , , , and including multi-drug resistant strains. extract might find practical application as an antimicrobial in wound healing, components of cosmetic products for human and animals, or as food preservatives.
PubMed: 37895890
DOI: 10.3390/ph16101419 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2013Tinea capitis (TC) is a common dermatophyte infection of the scalp that can also involve the eyebrows and eyelashes.
BACKGROUND
Tinea capitis (TC) is a common dermatophyte infection of the scalp that can also involve the eyebrows and eyelashes.
AIM
This study aimed to find the causative fungus responsible for TC in Botswana and determine its association with the clinical types of TC.
METHODS
Samples for potassium hydroxide 10% mounts and fungal cultures were collected in a microbiology laboratory at the National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana. Dermasel agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar were inoculated with the samples. Lactophenol cotton blue mounts were prepared from the culture-positive samples to study the morphological characteristics.
RESULTS
Trichophyton violaceum was found to be the predominant causative organism of TC. Trichophyton tonsurans was isolated from one patient. Both are anthropophilic species.
CONCLUSION
TC was found to be most common in those aged 1-15 years (81%). Of 17 patients in this age group, 16 were younger than 10 years old and one was 14 years old. T. violaceum was the most common dermatophyte species isolated.
PubMed: 23386791
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S40053 -
Archives of Iranian Medicine Aug 2022Dermatophytosis still remains a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries. This study was undertaken to determine the etiological and...
BACKGROUND
Dermatophytosis still remains a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries. This study was undertaken to determine the etiological and epidemiological factors of dermatophyte infections in Tehran, Iran.
METHODS
A total of 1530 patients clinically suspected of cutaneous fungal infections were examined in two hospitals over a period of 10 years (2010-2020). Samples were analyzed using direct microscopic examination and culture. Data regarding age, gender, and clinical manifestations were also recorded.
RESULTS
Out of 1530 cases examined, dermatophytes were detected in 493 (32.2%) patients. Of these patients, 288 (58.4%) were males and 205 (41.6%) were females. The most affected age group was the 25-44 years old (31.6%). Tinea corporis (n=134) was the most prevalent type of ringworm, followed by tinea cruris (n=131), tinea pedis (n=90), tinea manuum (n=65), tinea unguium (n=29), tinea faciei (n=20), tinea capitis (n=18), and tinea barbae (n=2). Both tinea cruris (<0.001) and tinea pedis (=0.002) had a significant association with male gender. As for etiological agents, (29.0%) was the most frequent isolate, followed by T (25.8%), (25.3%), (6.9%), (4.9%), (4.5%), (2.0%), and (1.6%).
CONCLUSION
Dermatophytes are still the prevailing causes of fungal infection of the skin, hair, and nails in Iran. Further studies with larger samples sizes and inclusion of diverse locations would yield more accurate results.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Tinea Pedis; Retrospective Studies; Tinea cruris; Iran; Tinea
PubMed: 37543872
DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.82 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2022Tinea capitis is an uncommon infection in adults, and predominantly affects women and the elderly with hormonal disorders and immunosuppression. Clinical features are...
Tinea capitis is an uncommon infection in adults, and predominantly affects women and the elderly with hormonal disorders and immunosuppression. Clinical features are often polymorphic and atypical. A kerion celsi case in an elderly female patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and menopause is presented. The diagnosis was established by direct examination and the isolation of Trichophyton tonsurans in culture and typified by microculture. Treatment with prednisone and itraconazol was very successful. Recognizing the presentation of tinea capitis in adults will help clinicians to avoid delay in the diagnosis, awareness of the risk factors and provide early treatment to minimize sequelae of the disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthrodermataceae; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Tinea Capitis; Trichophyton
PubMed: 35850939
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.10.005 -
Current Medical Mycology Jun 2021The most common etiological agents of human dermatophytosis in various parts of the world are , , and . The main aim of this study was to design and evaluate a simple...
A simple multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid identification of the common pathogenic dermatophytes: Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton rubrum, and Epidermophyton floccosum.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The most common etiological agents of human dermatophytosis in various parts of the world are , , and . The main aim of this study was to design and evaluate a simple and straightforward multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for reliable identification/differentiation of these species in clinical isolates.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The reliable sequences of several molecular targets of dermatophytes species were used to design a multiplex PCR for the identification of common pathogenic dermatophytes. The isolates and clinical specimens examined in this study included seven standard strains of dermatophytes, 101 isolates of dermatophytes and non-dermatophyte molds/yeasts which had already been identified by sequencing or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and 155 clinical samples from patients suspected of cutaneous mycoses.
RESULTS
Species-specific primer pairs for and / were designed based on the sequence data of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene, and the primers for targeted the specific sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). The multiplex PCR successfully detected , /, and strains that were identified by sequencing or PCR-RFLP. However, the primer pairs selected for / cross-reacted with . In testing the PCR system directly for clinical samples, the proportion of positive multiplex PCR was higher than positive culture (68.1% vs. 55.4%, respectively).
CONCLUSION
The multiplex assay could detect three common agents out of several causal agents of dermatophytosis, namely , , and . Therefore, by adding pan-dermatophyte primers it can be used as a comprehensive detection/identification test.
PubMed: 35028478
DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.2.7030 -
Current Medical Mycology Dec 2020Tinea gladiatorum is a type of dermatophytosis that occurs in combat athletes, such as wrestlers and judo fighters, as a result of Trichophyton species. Herein, we aimed...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Tinea gladiatorum is a type of dermatophytosis that occurs in combat athletes, such as wrestlers and judo fighters, as a result of Trichophyton species. Herein, we aimed to present a small outbreak of tinea gladiatorum in a high school in Mexico.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seven individuals belonging to the school fighting team were mycologically studied with direct examinations and cultures. In four cases, was isolated and identified by morphological and proteomic methods (Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization- time-of-flight mass spectrometry). Out of the four subjects, two cases had clinical lesions presented as tinea corporis, and two cases were healthy carriers. was also isolated from one of the four training mats (25%). All positive patients were treated with systemic or topical antifungals and achieved clinical and mycological cure.
CONCLUSION
We report the first outbreak of tinea gladiatorum caused by among a group of high school wrestlers in Mexico.
PubMed: 34195462
DOI: 10.18502/cmm.6.4.5439 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023The primary objective of this study was to assess the probiotic attributes and antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against the fungus, . Among the 20...
The primary objective of this study was to assess the probiotic attributes and antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against the fungus, . Among the 20 isolates screened for their antifungal attributes, isolate MYSN7 showed strong antifungal activity and was selected for further analysis. The isolate MYSN7 exhibited potential probiotic characteristics, having 75 and 70% survival percentages in pH3 and pH2, respectively, 68.73% tolerance to bile, a moderate cell surface hydrophobicity of 48.87%, and an auto-aggregation percentage of 80.62%. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) of MYSN7 also showed effective antibacterial activity against common pathogens. Furthermore, the isolate MYSN7 was identified as by 16S rRNA sequencing. Both MYSN7 and its CFS exhibited significant anti- activity in which the biomass of the fungal pathogen was negligible after 14 days of incubation with the active cells of probiotic culture (10 CFU/ml) and at 6% concentration of the CFS. In addition, the CFS inhibited the germination of conidia even after 72 h of incubation. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the lyophilized crude extract of the CFS was observed to be 8 mg/ml. Preliminary characterization of the CFS showed that the active component would be organic acids in nature responsible for antifungal activity. Organic acid profiling of the CFS using LC-MS revealed that it was a mixture of 11 different acids, and among these, succinic acid (9,793.60 μg/ml) and lactic acid (2,077.86 μg/ml) were predominant. Additionally, a scanning electron microscopic study revealed that CFS disrupted fungal hyphal structure significantly, which showed scanty branching and bulged terminus. The study indicates the potential of MYSN7 and its CFS to control the growth of . Furthermore, studies need to be conducted to explore its possible applications on skin infections.
PubMed: 37389341
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192449 -
Mycoses Jul 2022Fungal skin infections are recognised as one of the most common health disorders globally, and dermatophyte infections of the skin, hair and nails are the most common...
BACKGROUND
Fungal skin infections are recognised as one of the most common health disorders globally, and dermatophyte infections of the skin, hair and nails are the most common fungal infections. Dermatophytes can be classified as anthropophilic, zoophilic or geophilic species based on their primary habitat association, and this classification makes epidemiological analysis useful for the prevention and control of these infections. The Irish contribution to the epidemiology of these infections has been scant, with just two papers (both reporting paediatric tinea capitis only) published in the last 20 years, and none in the last seven.
OBJECTIVES
To perform a comprehensive retrospective epidemiological analysis of all dermatological mycology tests performed in University Hospital Limerick over a 20-year period.
METHODS
All mycology laboratory test results were extracted from the Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS, iLab, DXC Technologies) from 2001 to 2020 inclusive for analysis. Specimen types were categorised according to the site of sampling. The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel.
RESULTS
About 12,951 specimens of skin, hair and nails were studied. Median patient age was 42 years (IQR 26-57) with a slight female preponderance (57.2%). Two thirds of samples (67%, n = 8633) were nail, 32% were skin scrapings (n = 4118) and 200 hair samples (1.5%) were received. Zoophilic dermatophytes were more commonly present in females (38% F, 23% M, proportion of dermatophytes) and in those under 10 years of age or from 45 to 70 years (36% and 34% zoophiles, respectively, proportion of dermatophytes), although anthropophiles predominated every age and gender category. Anthropophiles had their highest prevalence in the 10-20 years age category (80% anthropophiles, proportion of dermatophytes), and yeast infections were more prevalent in older patients (29% of >60 year olds vs. 17% of <60 year olds, proportion of all fungal positives). Trichophyton rubrum was the most prevalent pathogen detected, accounting for 53% of all dermatophytes detected, 61% of those detected from nail samples and 34% from skin and hair samples. Trichophyton tonsurans was the most prevalent dermatophyte in tinea capitis, accounting for 37% of dermatophytes detected. Both of these organisms are anthropophilic, and this group showed consistently increased prevalence in proportion to all fungal isolates. The proportion of this dermatophyte class (anthropophiles) increased among both nail samples and skin/hair samples during the study period, from 55% of samples in the first 5 years of the study (2001-2005) to 88% (proportion of dermatophytes) in the final 5 years. Conversely, yeast detection decreased.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides a detailed overview of the epidemiology of the fungal cultures of skin, nail and hair samples in the Mid-West of Ireland over a 20-year period. Monitoring this changing landscape is important in identifying likely sources of infections, to identifying potential outbreaks, and may help guide empiric treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first detailed analysis from Ireland of fungal detections from skin, hair and nail samples, and is the first epidemiological fungal report of any kind in over 7 years.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthrodermataceae; Child; Dermatomycoses; Female; Humans; Ireland; Middle Aged; Onychomycosis; Retrospective Studies; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 35598177
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13473 -
Medical Mycology Journal 2016Dermatophytoses are among the most frequently diagnosed skin infections worldwide. However, the distribution of pathogenic species and the predominating anatomical sites...
Dermatophytoses are among the most frequently diagnosed skin infections worldwide. However, the distribution of pathogenic species and the predominating anatomical sites of infection vary with geographical location and change over time. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological and aetiological factors of dermatophytoses in Crete, Greece over the last 5-year period (2011-2015) and their incidence in relation to the gender and the age of the patients. We compared our findings with those previously reported from the same area and from other parts of the world. A total of 2,910 clinical specimens (skin scrapings, nail clippings, and hair specimens) obtained from 2,751 patients with signs of dermatomycoses were examined using direct microscopy and culture. Overall, 294 specimens (10.1%) were proved mycologically positive for dermatophytes. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 86 years (mean age, 37 years). Tinea corporis was the predominant clinical type of infection, followed by tinea unguium, tinea pedis, tinea capitis, tinea faciei, tinea cruris and tinea manuum. Among dermatophytes, eight species were isolated: Microsporum canis (35.8%), Trichophyton rubrum (35.1%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (23.3%), Epidermophyton floccosum (2.5%), Microsporum gypseum (1.8%), Trichophyton violaceum (0.7%), Trichophyton verrucosum (0.4%), and Trichophyton tonsurans (0.4%). In our area, the most common dermatophyte was M. canis followed by T. rubrum. Increased migration, mass tourism, and climate changes will contribute to further changes in the epidemiology of dermatophytoses in our area. Continuing studies are necessary for determining the new epidemiological trends and to implement the appropriate control measures.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Epidermophyton; Female; Greece; Humans; Male; Microsporum; Middle Aged; Sex Distribution; Time Factors; Tinea; Trichophyton; Young Adult
PubMed: 27904054
DOI: 10.3314/mmj.16-00008 -
Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii Feb 2021Dermatophytoses are the most common superficial fungal infections in paediatric population. Its pathogen pattern has changed over years.
INTRODUCTION
Dermatophytoses are the most common superficial fungal infections in paediatric population. Its pathogen pattern has changed over years.
AIM
To analyse the spectrum of dermatophytoses in children living in Southwestern Poland, in the years 2011-2016.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 1705 patients were diagnosed with fungal skin infection in the Mycological Laboratory, Dermatology Department of the Wroclaw Medical University. Of them, 163 were under 18 years of age.
RESULTS
In 105 cases, dermatophytoses were detected. The collected specimens were examined using direct microscopy examination, staining, culture on specific media and PCR technique. The most common dermatophytes were and (31.4% each), followed in the descending order by (21.9%), (13.3%) and (1.9%). The most commonly affected body sites were glabrous skin of the trunk and extremities (41.7%), followed by face (22.2%), scalp (15.7%) and toe nails (14.8%).
CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed the most common types of dermatophytoses and their pathogens in children in Southwestern Poland. In comparison to earlier data obtained from this region, new epidemiological trends have been revealed. We observed the shift towards anthropophilic dermatophyte infections and an increasing number of onychomycosis in children. Because of climatic variations, migration, and changing lifestyle practices, further studies on dermatophytoses are necessary to improve our knowledge on the epidemiology of fungal infections.
PubMed: 34408573
DOI: 10.5114/ada.2021.104283